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Outdoor Router P-380 Users Guide

port The abstraction used by Internet transport

protocols to distinguish among multiple

simultaneous connections to a single

destination host. A port is a transport layer

demultiplexing value. Each application has a

unique port number associated with it. It is also

used to refer to one of the physical network

connectors on the router.

NAT Network Address Translation, an Internet

standard that enables a local-area network

(LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for

internal traffic and a second set of addresses

for external traffic. A NAT box located where

the LAN meets the Internet makes all

necessary IP address translations. NAT is

used for two main tasks – to provide a type of

firewall by hiding internal IP addresses and

enable a company to use more internal IP

addresses. Since they're used internally only,

there's no possibility of conflict with IP

addresses used by other companies and

organizations.

protocol A formal description of message

formats and the rules two computers must

follow to exchange those messages. Protocols

can describe low-level details of machine-to-

machine interfaces (e.g., the order in which

bits and bytes are sent across a wire) or high-

level exchanges between allocation programs

(e.g., the way in which two programs transfer a

file across the Internet).

network A computer network is a data

communications system which interconnects

computer systems at various different sites. A

network may be composed of any combination

of LANs or WANs.

Q

QOS Quality of Service. Transmission system

qualities measure in terms of reliability and

availability.

network address The network portion of an IP

address. For a class A network, the network

address is the first byte of the IP address. For

a class B network, the network address is the

first two bytes of the IP address. For a class C

network, the network address is the first three

bytes of the IP address. In each case, the

remainder is the host address. In the Internet,

assigned network addresses are globally

unique. See IP address.

R

route The path that network traffic takes from

the source to the destination. It may include

many gateways, routers, hosts and physical

networks.

route table A table listing information about

routes to other hosts or networks, such as the

remote network or host address, the interface

down which the route exists, the distance to

the remote address and the cost of sending

data over the route.

node An addressable device attached to a

computer network. See host, router.

P

packet The unit of data sent across a network.

“Packet” is a generic term used to describe

units of data at all levels of the protocol stack,

but it is most correctly used to describe

application data units. See datagram, frame.

router A system responsible for making

decisions about which of several paths

network (or Internet) traffic will follow. To do

this it uses a routing protocol to gain

information about the network, and algorithms

to choose the best route based on several

criteria known as “routing metrics”.

policy Organization-level rules governing

acceptable use of computing resources,

security practices, and operational procedures.

S

server A network device that provides

services to client stations. Examples include

file servers and print servers.

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